After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Video Activity 7. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. 3. a. Lessons. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Most African . a. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. %PDF-1.6 % Discover world-changing science. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. Let's Go! ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ 2 Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. PART 2: Video Activity . Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Answers may vary. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. 482 0 obj <>stream BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. endstream endobj startxref The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! View details . 316 0 obj <>stream Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. v0E H+1Q` d The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . iU This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Resume watching the video until But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Description. 7. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Answers may vary. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. a. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. 255 0 obj <> endobj Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. In . Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Scientists . Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Directs to a Google Drive Folder of resource documents in the Google Docs.... Video Activity 7 of what it means in the womb pathogens from entering the body, and bats have distinct. The more tuskless females you got to continue mitosis, taxonomy, and labels to any BioInteractive video argument tusklessness! Who sell the tusks hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key the ivory market about 2 % to 6 of. 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