[165][166] As such, it is not also culturally considered a part of the predominantly English-speaking Australasia. [344] In 2012, Australia was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 19th-largest measured by PPP-adjusted GDP. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. [12] Puncak Jaya in Highland Papua, Indonesia, is the highest peak in Oceania at 4,884m (16,024ft). [236][237], The Pacific Plate, which makes up most of Oceania, is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. There are numerous difficulties with conducting archaeological excavations in the islands, due to their size, settlement patterns and storm damage. Semiarid / steppe Oceania: Population, Characteristics, Economy And Religions. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. [385] The New Zealand Parliament holds legislative power and consists of the King and the House of Representatives. The bulk of thepopulation(92.1%) is concentrated in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea,with a strong presence of immigrants or descendants of European settlers. In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather conditions. [409] The Hawaiian religion is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky. "[91] It added there was controversy over the exact limits of Oceania, saying that, "scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject". Immigrants brought their own languages to the region, such as Mandarin, Hindi, Italian, Arabic, Portuguese, Polish, German, Spanish, Russian, Korean, Cantonese and Greek, among many others, namely in Australia and New Zealand,[322] or Fiji Hindi in Fiji. The sex ratio of the total population was Yearly % Change: For 2019: percentage change in total population over the last year (from July 1, 2018 to June 30 2019). [186] They are believed to be among the earliest human migrations out of Africa. 12.1.2021-3.1.2023 Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people - 7-day rolling average - LOGCOVID-19 Data ExplorerOur World in Data https . The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. the United States population is equivalent to 4.25% of the total world population. [311] Traditional religions are often animist, and prevalent among traditional tribes is the belief in spirits (masalai in Tok Pisin) representing natural forces. Oceania is a collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. The Global Religious Landscape [157] New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian Mori, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion. [56][57] The Nazca Plate, which includes Easter Island, neighbors the South American Plate, and is still considered to be a separate tectonic plate, despite only containing a handful of islands. The island of Hawaii for example hosts 4 (out of 5 in total) climate groups on a surface as small as 10,430km2 (4,028sqmi) according to the Kppen climate types: tropical, arid, temperate and polar. [114][115][60] According to scientific journal PLOS One, the Humboldt Current helps create a biogeographic barrier between the marine fauna of these islands and South America. [368] In 2015, there were 7.4 million visitor arrivals. He also viewed Oceania as covering Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Samoan male dances can be more snappy. Australian forces attacked German New Guinea in September 1914. "[119] In a 1980 report on venereal diseases in the South Pacific, the British Journal of Venereal Diseases categorized the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands as being in an eastern region of the South Pacific, along with areas such as Pitcairn Islands and French Polynesia, but noted that the Galpagos Islands were not a member of the South Pacific Commission, like other islands in the South Pacific. [416] The country's diverse scenery and compact size, plus government incentives,[417] have encouraged some producers to film big budget movies in New Zealand, including Avatar, The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Chronicles of Narnia, King Kong and The Last Samurai. [220], One of the first land offensives in Oceania was the Occupation of German Samoa in August 1914 by New Zealand forces. (The arts of the region are discussed in several articles; see art and architecture, Oceanic; music and dance, Oceanic; and Oceanic literature.) [229] Countries of the World. Their language was named after them. 'The Pacific' would not refer to the Pacific Ocean and everything in it e.g., the Philippines. A more common definition excludes the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japan archipelago. This date range is based on glottochronological calculations and on three radiocarbon dates from charcoal that appears to have been produced during forest clearance activities. "[112] Furthermore, the book adds that Hawaii is still within Oceania, despite being politically integrated into the U.S., and that the Pacific Ocean "gives unity to the whole" since "all these varied lands emerge from or border upon the Pacific. [92], The 1926 book Modern World History, 1776-1926: A Survey of the Origins and Development of Contemporary Civilization, by Alexander Clarence Flick, considered Oceania to include all islands in the Pacific, and associated the term with the Malay archipelago, the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, the Aleutian Islands, Japan's Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan (then known as Formosa) and the Kuril Islands (currently administered by Russia, but which were then partly split between Japan and Russia). According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the number of people is estimated to grow steadily and in 2100, the global population is estimated to be approximately. While it took the global population 12 years to grow from 7 to 8 billion, it will take. [139] In the 2006 book Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds, American paleontologist David Steadman wrote, "no place on earth is as perplexing as the 25,000 islands that make Oceania." [112][143] In its periphery, Oceania's islands would sprawl 28 degrees north to the Bonin Islands in the Northern Hemisphere, and 55 degrees south to Macquarie Island in the Southern Hemisphere. [255], New Zealand's landscape ranges from the fjord-like sounds of the southwest to the tropical beaches of the far north. In Kiribati, a Parliamentary regime, the President of Kiribati is the head of state and government, and of a multi-party system. [426] Art of Oceania properly encompasses the artistic traditions of the people indigenous to Australia and the Pacific Islands. For forecasted years, the U.N. medium-fertility variant is used. The Oceania is the continent least populated in the world, with a population density of 5hab./km. [285][286] Snow falls in New Zealand's South Island and at higher altitudes in the North Island. What is the population of Oceania? Although the majority of the Oceanian islands lie in the South Pacific, a few of them are not restricted to the Pacific Ocean Kangaroo Island and Ashmore and Cartier Islands, for instance, are situated in the Southern Ocean and Indian Ocean, respectively, and Tasmania's west coast faces the Southern Ocean. The governor is elected statewide. There are 18 peaks of more than 3000 metres (9800ft) in the South Island. . Oceania's population tops around 45 million people and spans over 8,525,929 square kilometers. The following series of short activities allows students to access a wealth of data on the world, regions, and individual countries, and develop their data literacy skills and knowledge of geography. ", "Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific", "Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome", Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, "Cook's Journal: Daily Entries, 22 April 1770", "History of French Polynesia, 1797 to 1889", "Chapter V Affairs in the Western Pacific", "Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years", "Parks and Reserves Australia's National Landscapes", "Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103734840A157467789.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22712695A94343459.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22703868A118657750.en, "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species", Invasive Species: Animals Brown Tree Snake, "Parrots of Oceania a comparative study of extinction risk", "ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Hurricane Research Division, "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season? The King is represented in Australia by the Governor-General at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level, who by convention act on the advice of his ministers. The smallest and least populous dependency in Oceania is the New Zealand-controlled island of Tokelau, which has a land area of just 10 km 2, and a population of just over 1,300. Cultural customs such as the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including the bestowal of matai chiefly titles. [432], By 1500 BCE the Lapita culture, descendants of the second wave, would begin to expand and spread into the more remote islands. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of Austronesian speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania. The governor and lieutenant governor oversee twenty agencies and departments from offices in the State Capitol. Two years later, Australia's Celebrity Survivor was filmed at the same location used by the U.S. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. However, it is also the most popular sport in Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, and has a significant (and growing) popularity in Australia. [284], Most regions of New Zealand belong to the temperate zone with a maritime climate (Kppen climate classification: Cfb) characterised by four distinct seasons. [69] Hawaii had not yet become a U.S. state in 1947, and as such was part of the original UN definition of Oceania. [276], The birds of New Zealand evolved into an avifauna that included a large number of endemic species. OCEANIA. version. It is more usual at the present time, however, to exclude the [Malay] archipelago. [408], The music of Hawaii includes traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. [82][83] Wallace insisted while the surface area of this wide definition was greater than that of Asia and Europe combined, the land area was only a little greater than that of Europe. The term Oceania is usually used to denote the region . The country has one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade mainly with Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and the United States. The states of Hong Kong and Malaysia, located in both mainland Asia and marginal seas of the Pacific, are also excluded, as is the nation of Brunei, which shares the island of Borneo with Indonesia and Malaysia. The Pacific islands, on the other hand, subsist mostly ontourismand fishing. In the Anglo-Saxon continental model, Oceania is called only Australia. Wallis and Futuna Islands would have the lowest population growth rate of -1.35%, which is also the lowest in the world. It is extremely rare at sea level in the North Island. The lieutenant governor acts as the Secretary of State. "Australia". including Australia, 31,377,000. Except Africa and Oceania, remaining four continent have growth grate below 1%. [373] Due to the mild year-round weather, tourist travel is popular throughout the year. Oceania's subregions of Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia cover two major plates; the Australian Plate (also known as the Indo-Australian Plate) and the Pacific Plate, in addition to two minor plates; the Nazca Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. [270][271], A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals, and dominance of the marsupials a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums, and dasyuromorphs. "[66] He also claimed that they are "often cited as illustrating the peculiar relation of such islands to continents. For the continent, see, "South West Pacific" redirects here. 2.1 million), and Auckland (pop. Other religions in the region include Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism, which are prominent minority religions in Australia and New Zealand. She adds that most islands in the Pacific are "close enough together to be easily clustered into archipelagos or groups. The Pacific theatre saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between Allied powers the United States, Philippines (a U.S. Commonwealth at the time) and Australia, and Axis power Japan. Tonga. [66] He divided Oceania into two subregions; Eastern Oceania, which included the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, and Southwestern Oceania, which included Australia and New Zealand. [96] Islands in marginal seas of the Pacific were also covered in the book, including Alaska's Pribilof Islands (located to the north of the Aleutian chain in the subarctic Bering Sea) and China's Hainan (located in the South China Sea). [429][430] These rock paintings served several functions. 3. World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision. [58] They are designed to dispel the outdated categories of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia; Near Oceania cuts right across the old category of Melanesia, which has shown to be not a pertinent category in respect to the geography, archeology, culture, language and human history of the region. [89] New Zealand were categorized by him as being in Polynesia; and the only country in his definition of Australasia was Australia. [60][61][62][63][64][65][66], The United Nations (UN) has used its own geopolitical definition of Oceania since its foundation in 1947, which utilizes four of the five subregions from the 19th century; Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The ancestors of the Micronesians settled there over 4,000 years ago. Many are descendants of immigrants brought to work on the sugarcane plantations in the mid-to-late 19th century. Fertility Rate: (Total Fertility Rate, or TFR), it is expressed as children per woman. In WA, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 3.3 per cent of the population but 40 per cent of the state's prison population. Our client is actively searching for an Asso Professor/ Professor (Population Health Implementation Science) to join their team. [244] The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were formed c. 7 to 30 million years ago, as shield volcanoes over the same volcanic hotspot that formed the Emperor Seamounts to the north and the Main Hawaiian Islands to the south. The state's food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, sugarcane and honey. There are six cities in Oceania with a population of more than one million inhabitants: Sydney (Australia): 5.3 million inhabitants Melbourne (Australia): 4 million inhabitants Brisbane (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Perth (Australia): 2 million inhabitants Auckland (New Zealand): 1.6 million inhabitants [40][41] Prior to the 1950s, before the popularization of the theory of plate tectonics, Antarctica, Australia and Greenland were sometimes described as island continents, but none were usually taught as one of the world's continents in English-speaking countries. [56][57] Despite this, Australia is rarely seen as a part of the subregion. Oceania covers about 20 million square miles (50 million square kilometers), or roughly one third of the enormous Pacific Ocean. The Refaluwasch or Carolinian people came to the Marianas in the 1800s from the Caroline Islands. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. [290] The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oceania was 25.6C (14.1F), at Ranfurly in Otago in 1903, with a more recent temperature of 21.6C (6.9F) recorded in 1995 in nearby Ophir. Oceania. ( January 1 2023). [431] Sculpture in Oceania first appears on New Guinea as a series of stone figures found throughout the island, but mostly in mountainous highlands. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the big islands simply to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. The plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands. The Americas a. They further include in this region Salas y Gmez, a small uninhabited island to the east of Easter Island. Australia was also not included, as it was settled several thousands of years before the arrival of Austronesian-speaking peoples in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. [91] British physician and ethnologist James Cowles Prichard claimed in 1847 that the Aleutian Islands and the Kuril Islands form "the northern boundary of this fifth region of the world, and with the coasts of Asia and America completing its literal termination." It should be remarked that if we take the Malay archipelago away from Oceania, as do generally the German geographers, the insular world contained in the great ocean is cut in two, and the least populated of the five parts of the world is diminished in order to increase the number of inhabitants of the most densely populated continent. "[112], The 1876 book The Countries of the World: Volume 4, by British scientist and explorer Robert Brown, labelled the Malay archipelago as Northwestern Oceania, but Brown still noted that these islands belonged more to the Asian continent. In statistics, population may refer to people, objects, events, hospital visits, measurements, etc. ", Field listing GDP (official exchange rate), "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating", "Statement on Monetary Policy (November 2013)", "2014 Quality of Living Worldwide City Rankings Mercer Survey", "Happy birthday Melbourne: 181 and still kicking! In popular usage, however, the designation has a more restricted application. The population of Oceania ranges between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. Fiji has a multiparty system with the Prime Minister of Fiji as head of government. [240], Australia is part of the Indo-Australian plate and is the lowest, flattest, and oldest landmass on Earth[241] and it has had a relatively stable geological history. [428], Indigenous Australian rock art is the oldest and richest unbroken tradition of art in the world, dating as far back as 60,000 years and spread across hundreds of thousands of sites. Tuvalu. [197] The prehistories of many Micronesian islands such as Yap are not known very well. "[33] American author Samuel Griswold Goodrich wrote in his 1854 book History of All Nations that, "geographers have agreed to consider the island world of the Pacific Ocean as a third continent, under the name Oceania." Less isolated oceanic islands that were once uninhabited, such as the Bonin Islands, the Galpagos Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands, have since been sparsely populated by citizens of their political administrators. It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [26], The geographer Conrad Malte-Brun coined the French expression Terres ocaniques (Oceanic lands) c. 1804,[27] then in 1814 another French cartographer, Adrien-Hubert Bru, coined from this expression the shorter "Ocanie" putting it on a map, "Ocanie, ou cinquime partie du monde, comprenant l'archipel d'Asie, l'Australasie et la Polynsie (ou le continent de la Nouvelle Hollande et les les du Grand Ocan)". Urban population has increased from 21,936,910 (70.1%) in 2000 to 31,011,800 (70.5%) in the current year. As of 1 July 2021, the population of Asia is projected at almost 4.68 billion or 4,680 million or 4,679,660,580 people. Many scholars now replace those categories with Green's terms since the early 1990s, but the old categories are still used in science, popular culture and general usage. [279], The Pacific Islands are ruled by a tropical rainforest and tropical savanna climate. On 1 May 1979, in recognition of the evolving political status of the Marshall Islands, the United States recognized the constitution of the Marshall Islands and the establishment of the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Lista de correio - Ver mais. Number of followers estimated by Countrymeters On his first voyage in the 18th century, James Cook, who later arrived at the highly developed Hawaiian Islands, went to Tahiti and followed the east coast of Australia for the first time. Oceania, collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. "[114], In her 1997 book Australia and Oceania, Australian historian Kate Darian-Smith defined the area as covering Australia, New Zealand and the islands of the Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Source: Worldometer ( www.Worldometers.info) "[142] The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded. [256] There is a wide variety of native trees, adapted to all the various micro-climates in New Zealand. was estimated to be 44,416,763 people. [399][400] The Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne are the oldest and largest museums in Oceania. The capital of Papeet was founded in 1843. This list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, which includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Almost 13,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived by 1899; they also worked on the sugarcane plantations. [103] The journal associated the term Oceania with the Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian subdivisions, but not with the Indonesian or non-tropical subdivisions. Yet the total land area of the islands is very smallonly some 324,000 square miles (840,000 square kilometers). The Mori people constitute one of the major cultures of Polynesia. 2,142 live births average per day (89.27 in an hour) or a child in every 40.33 seconds, 837 deaths average per day (34.87 in an hour) or one death in every 103.25 seconds, 598 immigrants average per day (24.92 in an hour) or an immigrant in every 144.46 seconds, 22,164,486 females as of 31 December 2022. [313] In the 2018 census, 37% of New Zealanders affiliated themselves with Christianity and 48% declared no religion. By their definition, Near Oceania consists of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands, with the exception of Santa Cruz Islands. Fishing provides a major industry for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many fishing areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. He went on to write that his preferred definition of Oceania emphasis islands with oceanic geology, stating that oceanic islands are, "islands with no past connections to a continental landmass" and that, "these boundaries encompass the Hawaiian and Bonin Islands in the north and Easter Island in the south, and the Palau Islands in the west to the Galpagos Islands in the east. According to the Act of Papua Autonomy (Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua) section 2 verse 2, the province itself has its own flag and arms, similar to other provinces. Steadman viewed Oceania as encompassing Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia (including Easter Island and Hawaii). The island chain borders both the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and is geologically a partially submerged volcanic extension of the Aleutian Range on the Alaskan mainland, that stretches for another 1,600 kilometers. [446], Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru. Australia (59.82%) Papua New Guinea (20.67%) New Zealand (11.51%) Fiji (2.18%) Solomon Islands (1.48%) Vanuatu (0.70%) New Caledonia (0.69%) French Polynesia (0.69%) Other (2.26%) See also [ edit] List of Eurasian countries by population It is characterized by numerous endemic species, such as the Koala bear, the Kangaroo, the famous Tasmanian devil, the platypus and the broom-tailed possum. Petroglyphs, tattooing, painting, wood carving, stone carving, and textile work are other common art forms. The executive power is exercised by the government. [18][19][7] The broadest definition of Oceania encompasses the many islands between mainland Asia and the Americas;[6][20][21] The island nation of Australia is the only piece of land in the area which is large enough to typically be considered a continent. Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). Webster broke Oceania up into two subdivisions; the continental group, which included Australia, the Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan, and the oceanic group, which included New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Related to these concepts are Near Oceania, that part of western Island Melanesia which has been inhabited for tens of millennia, and Remote Oceania which is more recently settled. [180] The 1985 edition of the South Pacific Handbook also groups the Galpagos Islands as being in Polynesia, while noting that they are not culturally a part of the subregion. Disagreement also exists over whether or not Indonesia, the Philippines and Taiwan should be included in Oceania. What is the most populated city in Oceania? The data is given as of 1st of January of an year. [130][131][132] He did not include the volcanic Kuril Islands and Ryukyu Islands, which similarly border both the Eurasian Plate and the Pacific Plate,[133][134] nor did he include the neighboring Kodiak archipelago in the North Pacific Ocean, which is firmly situated on the North American Plate. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The largest and most populous nation in Oceania is Australia, and the biggest city is Sydney. Ngerulmud, on Babeldaob Island, is the smallest national capital on earth by population, with only a few hundred people; the name is pronounced en-jer-al-mud; Koror, on Koror Island, . [414] The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States. [425], The artistic creations of native Oceanians varies greatly throughout the cultures and regions. What is the population of USA? In the politics of Papua New Guinea the Prime Minister is the head of government, and the head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom, represented by a Governor-General. Fogg defined Polynesia as covering the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, as well as the Ryukyu Islands. The subject matter typically carries themes of fertility or the supernatural. At 103million square kilometres (40,000,000sqmi), it is the largest tectonic plate. In the late 20th century, some scholars theorized a long period of interaction, which resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture among the peoples. ", "National Weather Service Dedicated Forecast Office in Typhoon Alley", "Official records for Australia in January", "NZ's temperature record hits new low minus 25.6degC", "Rainfall Climatology for Pohnpei Islands, Federated States of Micronesia", "UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG OTONOMI KHUSUS BAGI PROVINSI PAPUA", "Papuan province changes name from West Irian Jaya to West Papua", "3218.0 Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016", "What's driving population growth in Australia's cities? Native Hawaiian musician and Hawaiian sovereignty activist Israel Kamakawiwoole, famous for his medley of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World", was named "The Voice of Hawaii" by NPR in 2010 in its 50 great voices series. If you are a dynamic individual seeking a new career opportunity, read further The Programme in Health Services and Systems Research (HSSR) at the Medical School in Singapore invites applications from outstanding candidates.