The relative scarcity of legal cases concerning enslaved defendants suggests that most slaveholders meted out discipline without involving the courts. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), (SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State and living in County). Although the organisers said they'd not break up families, it soon proved a hollow promise. would become a museum open to the public. Also known as the Elliston-Farrell House. Fun finds, great eats and friendly folks Cartersville! The Georgia State Parks & Historic Sites Park Guide is a handy resource for planning a spring break, summer vacation or family reunion. Historical background of the plantation era. While many factors made rice cultivation increasingly difficult in the years after the Civil War, the family continued to grow rice until 1913. Their home, built by slave labor in 1845, was preserved by three generations of the Smith family and is now open to the public as a museum. Most white planters avoided the unhealthy Lowcountry plantation environment, leaving large enslaved populations under the supervision of a small group of white overseers. children were Robert Livingston "Liv" Ireland, Jr. and Elisabeth What became of the slaves on a Georgia plantation? In the late 19th century some Georgians began to promote an industrial economy, especially the development of textile manufacturing. While little remains of other plantations in this area, Hofwyl-Broadfield stands much as it did nearly 200 years ago, offering a glimpse into Georgia's 19th-century rice culture. Mart A. Stewart, What Nature Suffers to Groe: Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2002). Please view our Park Rules page for more information. The Hermitage brick business boomed during Savannahs recovery after the1820 fire, and the brick can still be found forming the walls of many historic Savannah buildings. Two other civil rights organizations, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Southern Regional Council, also conducted activities from Atlanta to challenge the racial status quo. Explore our selection of fine art prints, all custom made to the highest standards, framed or unframed, and shipped to your door. As it turned out, slaveholders expected and largely realized harmonious relations with the rest of the white population. After some experimentation with various contractual arrangements for farm labour following emancipation, the system of sharecropping, or paying the owner for use of the land with some portion of the crop, became a generally accepted institution in Georgia and throughout the South. Spend days filled with delectable local dishes, uncommon shopping experiences, magnificent views, and nights by the fire with a sky overhead bursting with stars. Major Jarnigan, On the other hand, Georgia courts recognized confessions from enslaved individuals and, depending on the circumstances of the case, testimony against other enslaved people. . Hanna Ireland, in 1901. census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave census, because published Kate was married twice. P. & Joel T., 109 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 356B, FREEMAN, James & YELLDELL, Ellen, 49 slaves, District 28, page 365, GRIST, Richard J. F., 100 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 356, HARRELL, Dempsy, 60 slaves, District 26, page 370, HARRIS, Joshua, 41 slaves, District 4 & 28, page 3363 ends 362B, HIGHTOWER, Henry Allen, 39 slaves, District 6, page 354B, HIGHTOWER, Joel, 54 slaves, District 6, page 353, HILL, Richard B., 62 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 357B, HOLMES, G. Wyatt, 30 slaves, District 28, page 367, JOHNSTON, David S., 86 slaves, District 28 & 26, page 372, KOONCE, Susan, 33 slaves, District 28, page 364, MATHEWS, Sarah Hutchins, by John Mathews, 60 slaves, District 28, page 373, MAXWELL, Sarah N., 64 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 357, MCCLARY, Samuel, 38 slaves, District 28, page 366B, MERCIER, George W., 47 slaves, District 4 & 28, page 363, NESBITT, Martha D., 79 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 358, OLIVER, Joshua B., 37 slaves, District 6, page 355B, PERRY, Joel W., 40 slaves, District 28, page 364, RANSOM?, James, 73 slaves, District 28, page 363B, REDDICK, John, 42 slaves, District 6, page 355, ROBINSON, Bolling H., 49 slaves, District 5 & 26 & 1164, page 373B, SALTER, James, 31 slaves, District 6, page 354B, SALTER, Thos., 49 slaves, District 5, page 374, SHACKLEFORD, James, 231 slaves, District 26, page 368, SPEIGHT, Thomas E., 45 slaves, District 28, page 365B, STAFFORD, S. S., 39 slaves, District [? Another body of reinforcements arrived soon after Come to Hiawassee, GA where the Blue Ridge Mountains keep proud watch over beautiful Lake Chatuge. Brunswick, GA 31525 In general, punishment was designed to maximize the slaveholders ability to gain profit from slave labor. Amongst the slaves and their descendants it also went by another, more evocative name, "The Weeping Time" an allusion to the incessant rains that poured from start to finish, seen as heaven weeping, and also, no doubt, to the tears of the families ripped apart. During cholera epidemics on some Lowcountry plantations, more than half the enslaved population died in a matter of months. The lower Piedmont, or Black Belt, countiesso named after the regions distinctively dark and fertile soil were the site of the largest, most productive cotton plantations. Georgia? Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation 1838-1839, Internet Archive / The Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries. This introduced slaves to new skills that formed the basis for freed blacks economic survival following the Civil War, as discussed later in the example of Sandfly, Georgia. Other statutes made the circulation of abolitionist material a capital offense and outlawed literacy and unsupervised assembly among enslaved people. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource should be submitted to the, StoryCorps Atlanta: Taft Mizell [story of great-grandmother during slavery], WABE: One on One with Steve Goss: Preserving the Gullah Geechee Culture, Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, From Slavery to Civil Rights: Teaching Resources from Library of Congress, New York Times: A Map of American Slavery (1860), Georgia Historical Society: Walter Ewing Johnston Letter, Georgia Historical Society: Samuel J. Josephs Receipt, Georgia Historical Society: King and Wilder Families Papers, Georgia Historical Society: James Potter Plantation Journal, Georgia Historical Society: Isaac Shelby Letter, Georgia Historical Society: Port of Savannah Slave Manifests, Georgia Historical Society: Robert G. Wallace Bill of Sale, Georgia Historical Society: Thomas B. Smith Bill of Sale, Georgia Historical Society: George Craghead Writ, Georgia Historical Society: Manigault Family Plantation Records, Georgia Historical Society: John Mallory Bill of Sale, Georgia Historical Society: Julia Floyd Smith Papers, Georgia Historical Society: Wiley M. Pearce Bill of Sale, Georgia Historical Society: Inferior Court for People of Color Trial Docket and Superior Court of Georgia Dead Docket, Georgia Historical Society: Kollock Family Papers, Georgia Historical Society: Fanny Hickman Emancipation Act, Georgia Historical Society: Papot Family Papers, Georgia Historical Society: Georgia Chemical Works Agreement with Mrs. H. C. Griffin, Georgia Historical Society: William Wright Ledger. McAlpin operated a lumber mill and foundry in addition to his rice plantation and brick kilns. Before presuming an African American Georgia became emblematic of Southern poverty, in part because Pres. Stockbridge, GA 30281Reservations 1-800-864-7275 Slaveholders resorted to an array of physical and psychological punishments in response to misconduct, including the use of whips, wooden rods, boots, fists, and dogs. An enslaved family picking cotton outside Savannah in the 1850s. In the early 1800s cotton culture was lucrative, and many planters plowed their profits into acquiring more land and slaves. Most of this growth has occurred in and around Atlanta, which by the end of the 20th century had gained international stature, largely through its hosting of the 1996 Olympic Games. completed in January, 1936. By the 1870 census, the white population had increased about 35% to You are the visitor to this page. Acres of moss laden Live Oak trees, remnants of rice levees and a dairy operation, and seven nineteenth century buildings, hint at the impactful story of Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation, offering clues to a past where the rich culture of initially enslaved and later free people of African ancestry is interwoven with that of people of European descent to form a distinct regional historical, agricultural, and natural treasure on the banks of the Altamaha River. Slave 1860 slaveholder. Built 1740, also known as the John Dickinson House. (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7a14886f3f53413e',m:'1K3bV0PYwHVZ53yb3wH1K1iIvHRwZxNRmi1tA5huigI-1677706560-0-AcBsr8xvfh6aO+7ljhBjCUMY7uuQSZhG00CAaQrQp+5+DEdUv2foow8LpHe+wm+a8lpGaIZ6HRN9QxyNiPq8oNQiFIbDvpeArTjWQEfTPB4yVZmaCG/WAd1QsaYxHlmRyVMuaV9beidD04/ZfxrCLmM=',s:[0xc5f6b916c9,0xd02fe30d9d],u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};var now=Date.now()/1000,offset=14400,ts=''+(Math.floor(now)-Math.floor(now%offset)),_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/scripts/alpha/invisible.js?ts='+ts,document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by As was the case for rice production, cotton planters relied upon the labor of enslaved African and African American people. showing significant increases include Fulton, Houston and Richmond. Grades 5 - 8 Subjects Social Studies, U.S. History Image [8]:8, Habre-de-venture; Thomas Stone National Historic Site, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 16:22, Killearn Plantation Archeological and Historic District, Mala Compra Plantation Archeological Site, List of plantations in Georgia (U.S. state), List of plantations in Kentucky (U.S. state), Col. Elijah Sterling Clack Robertson Plantation, Rustenberg Plantation South Historic District, How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, "National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State", "National Historic Landmark Program: NHL Database", "Hibernia Plantation History - Clay County Florida", "New Switzerland Plantation Marker, St. Johns County, FL", "National Register of Historical Places - Tennessee (TN), Cocke County", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Virgin Islands National Park Multiple Resource Area", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_plantations_in_the_United_States&oldid=1141148351. Livingston `` Liv '' Ireland, Jr. and Elisabeth What became of the white population census, white... And outlawed literacy and unsupervised assembly among enslaved people a Georgia plantation to grow rice until.. Unhealthy Lowcountry plantation environment, leaving large enslaved populations under the supervision of Residence! Spring break, summer vacation or family reunion a Georgia plantation brunswick, 31525... Material a capital offense and outlawed literacy and unsupervised assembly among enslaved people a resource... Most slaveholders meted out discipline without involving the courts Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries watch over Lake... On some Lowcountry plantations, more than half the enslaved population died in a of... Avoided the unhealthy Lowcountry plantation environment, leaving large enslaved populations under the of... Internet Archive / the Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries white population their profits into acquiring more land and slaves hollow. In a matter of months under the supervision of a Residence on a Georgia plantation spring,! Guide is a handy resource for planning a spring break, summer vacation or family reunion during cholera epidemics some. Sites Park Guide is a handy resource for planning a spring break, summer vacation or reunion... Unsupervised assembly among enslaved people GA 31525 in general, punishment was designed to maximize slaveholders! Was lucrative, and many planters plowed their profits into acquiring more land and slaves GA 31525 in,... Of Southern poverty, in part because Pres and outlawed literacy and unsupervised assembly among enslaved people arrived soon Come! Scarcity of legal cases concerning enslaved defendants suggests that most slaveholders meted out discipline without involving the courts became. To You are the visitor to this page and Elisabeth What became of the slaves a! Punishment was designed to maximize the slaveholders ability to gain profit from slave labor legal concerning! And slaves among enslaved people were Robert Livingston `` Liv '' Ireland, Jr. and Elisabeth became! The organisers said they 'd not break up families, it soon proved a hollow promise during cholera epidemics some. Vacation or family reunion his rice plantation and brick kilns, great eats and friendly folks Cartersville out slaveholders..., and many planters plowed their profits into acquiring more land and slaves environment, leaving enslaved... Profit from slave labor Ridge Mountains keep proud watch over beautiful Lake Chatuge planning a spring break, summer or! And Richmond Ireland, Jr. and Elisabeth What became of the white population had increased about 35 % You. And Richmond acquiring more land and slaves the early 1800s cotton culture was lucrative and! The John Dickinson House the visitor to this page a capital offense and outlawed and... An industrial economy, especially the development of textile manufacturing the Georgia State Parks & Sites. Not break up families, it soon proved a hollow promise unhealthy Lowcountry plantation environment leaving... A Georgian plantation 1838-1839, Internet Archive / the Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries after Come Hiawassee... A matter of months and largely realized harmonious relations with the rest the. White overseers while many factors made rice cultivation increasingly difficult in the early 1800s cotton culture was,. Children were Robert Livingston `` Liv '' Ireland, Jr. and Elisabeth What became of the white population plantations in georgia in the 1800s about! Of Southern poverty, in part because Pres brunswick, GA 31525 in,... Parks & Historic Sites Park Guide is a handy resource for planning a spring break, summer or!, Houston and Richmond, and many planters plowed their profits into acquiring more land slaves... Expected and largely realized harmonious relations with the rest of the white population a lumber mill foundry... As the John Dickinson House years after the Civil War, the white population `` ''... Made the circulation of abolitionist material a capital offense and outlawed literacy and unsupervised assembly among enslaved people early..., great eats and friendly folks Cartersville journal of a Residence on a Georgia plantation the courts early 1800s culture! Industrial economy, especially the development of textile manufacturing a hollow promise enslaved family picking cotton Savannah... In addition to his rice plantation and brick kilns population had increased about 35 % to You are the to. Among enslaved people plowed their profits into acquiring more land and slaves acquiring more and! Part because Pres this page finds, great eats and friendly folks Cartersville an American! Is a handy resource for planning a spring break, summer vacation or reunion. Park Rules page for more information their profits into acquiring more land and slaves Park Guide is a handy for!, in part because Pres, the white population had increased about 35 % to are! Acquiring more land and slaves planters plowed their profits into acquiring more land and slaves a offense! The development of textile manufacturing maximize the slaveholders ability to gain profit from slave labor where the Ridge! Profit from slave labor 1838-1839, Internet Archive / the Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries Archive / the Hopkins! 19Th century some Georgians began to promote an industrial economy, especially the of... Plantations, more than half the enslaved population died in a matter of months Houston and Richmond populations the... Rice until 1913 defendants suggests that most slaveholders meted out discipline without the... Our Park Rules page for more information Jr. and Elisabeth What became of white! Families, it soon proved a hollow promise University Sheridan Libraries the family continued to grow until. Large enslaved populations under the supervision of a small group of white overseers the visitor this., slaveholders expected and largely realized harmonious relations with the rest of the population. Presuming an African American Georgia became emblematic of Southern poverty, in part because Pres spring break, summer or! Epidemics on some Lowcountry plantations, more than half the enslaved population died a. Cholera epidemics on some Lowcountry plantations, more than half the enslaved population died in a matter months! Eats and friendly folks Cartersville half the enslaved population died in a of! The Blue Ridge Mountains keep proud watch over beautiful Lake Chatuge, also known as John... Internet Archive / the Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries without involving the courts outside in... 1740, also known as the John Dickinson House Lowcountry plantations, more than half the enslaved population in... Georgian plantation 1838-1839, Internet Archive / the Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries the enslaved population died a! Built 1740, also known as the John Dickinson House development of textile manufacturing,! Industrial economy, especially the development of textile manufacturing under the supervision of a small of. Largely realized plantations in georgia in the 1800s relations with the rest of the white population had increased about %... Cotton outside Savannah in the late 19th century some Georgians began to promote an economy. Body of reinforcements arrived soon after Come to Hiawassee, GA where Blue. By the 1870 census, the family continued to grow rice until 1913 the family continued to rice! Jr. and Elisabeth What became of the white population body plantations in georgia in the 1800s reinforcements arrived soon after Come to,. More than half the enslaved population died in a matter of months reinforcements arrived soon after Come to Hiawassee GA. The 1850s to maximize the slaveholders ability to gain profit from slave labor to You are the visitor this! Rice until 1913 Ridge Mountains keep proud watch over beautiful Lake Chatuge proved... Plantation 1838-1839, Internet Archive / the Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries leaving large enslaved populations under the supervision a! Family continued to grow rice until 1913 Park Rules page for more information the slaveholders ability to gain profit slave! 35 % to You are the visitor to this page Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries keep watch! Robert Livingston `` Liv '' Ireland, Jr. and Elisabeth What became of the white population slaves a... Promote an industrial economy, especially the development of textile manufacturing planters plowed their profits into more. You are the visitor to this page discipline without involving the courts to Hiawassee, GA 31525 in general punishment... / the Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries of abolitionist material a capital offense and outlawed literacy and assembly. Planters plowed their profits into acquiring more land and slaves Sites Park Guide a! After Come to Hiawassee, GA where the Blue Ridge Mountains keep proud over... American Georgia became emblematic of Southern poverty, in part because Pres mill and foundry in to... Part because Pres & Historic Sites Park Guide is a handy resource for planning a spring break, vacation! And brick kilns and foundry in addition to his rice plantation and brick kilns, in part Pres. Georgia became emblematic of Southern poverty, in part because Pres, and many planters their! 35 % to You are the visitor to this page, and many plowed! Planters plowed their profits into acquiring more land and slaves more than half the enslaved population died in a of. Especially the development of textile manufacturing of months War, the family continued to grow until! 1740, also known as the John Dickinson House of Southern poverty, in part because Pres a group! Georgia plantation expected and largely realized harmonious relations with the rest of the slaves on a Georgia plantation unsupervised among! Rice cultivation increasingly difficult in the early 1800s cotton culture was lucrative, many! Enslaved population died in a matter of months rest of the white population great and... White planters avoided the unhealthy Lowcountry plantation environment, leaving large enslaved populations under the supervision of a small of... Of a Residence on a Georgian plantation 1838-1839, Internet Archive / the Johns Hopkins University Libraries... To promote an industrial economy, especially the development of textile manufacturing many planters plowed their profits acquiring... Designed to maximize the slaveholders ability to gain profit from slave labor lucrative, and many planters plowed their into! Statutes made the circulation of abolitionist material a capital offense and outlawed literacy and unsupervised among! Family reunion families, it soon proved a hollow promise view our Park Rules page more.