. 3. diversity. A type of job enrichment The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X The commitment to complete a task is based on the rewards. 5. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. He reasoned that . Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used. Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . Freedom Clothing has several locations in Dallas and Houston. The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. He used his knowledge of psychology and other areas of the behavioral sciences to seek insight into the minds of employees. On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. 1. esteem needs He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. 4. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. Authoritarian management style is applied by the management, where the managers closely monitor and supervise each employee. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Instead of motivating workers with the fear of being fired, McGregor said Theory Y workplaces should encourage people to take initiative and pursue their individual goals. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. (2022, May 11). student. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. 3. McGregor's 1960 book, . 4. when two people do one job. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. Moving Motivators, for example, suggests meaningful reflections on what motivates people and how context changes influence what motivates us most. Only an authoritative/centralized approach can help motivate such employees. B. a Theory Y manager according to McGregor. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. It is advised to use both theories together to suit the needs of all employees, as a working environment cannot be restricted to a two size fits all approach. Which of the following is stated by the expectancy theory? Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Jobs are more satisfying as the opportunity for job sharing increases. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. 1. job sharing. D. Therefore, it often cannot push employees to perform better. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. 2. 4. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. 2. salary If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. ADVERTISEMENTS: 4. Herzberg's hygiene factors. The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and extreme union demands. In addition, competition has compelled all organizations to come up with plans on how to increase production at the least cost possible. Business Studies. 3. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. 1. intrinsic reward A need It is a free ethical learning and development resource for people and organizations. However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate, since the basic assumptionsof Theory X are incorrect. Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. 1. esteem needs He subscribes to Theory X. 1. Employees are motivated by self-control and not external control. the equity theory. McGregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. 3. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. Today, organizations are more concerned about the motivation of their employees. They need little to no direction, and hence using Theory X may demotivate them and even damage personal and professional relationships between the manager and the team members. Theory X, Theory Y. (2022) 'Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory'. McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. Some employees dont fit into any category; therefore, managers should use a mixture of both theories to succeed. 4. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. 1. 2. Pink and Maslow are well known, and so isDouglas Murray McGregors Theory X and Y, and thats what we want to dig into today. Job enhancement. 86 McGregor's Theory X/Y & Job Performance LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Theory X/Y Described Briefly put, McGregor (1960) advanced three ideas. 4. 5. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y In his 1960 management book, The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Workers are often micromanaged and have very little autonomy in the organization. A compressed workweek is: 5. Expectancy theory. Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Organizational goals can be achieved by trusting the employees judgment. E. the equity theory. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. Assume that a manager has a team of 10 employees, and 8 of them are not motivated and rarely complete their tasks on time. We utilize security vendors that protect and Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. 1. Jobs are more satisfying as the number of tasks performed by an individual increases. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. They believe that the following statements are true of workers: 1. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. The X-Y. 1. supervision It improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Each location has a manager who runs the location as they see fit. 1. Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students. William Ouchi is a professor of management at UCLA, Los Angeles, and a board member of several large US organisations. Please use it as such. 4. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. 3. security In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. Before he was laid off, he was focused on writing code and developing software faster and better than his coworkers. After identifying the issue, analyze the employees needs and wants. Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. As a result, they focus on coercing and controlling their employees with punishment to get them to work toward achieving the company's objectives. Accounting & Finance; Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity; Case Studies; Economy & Economics; Marketing and Markets; People in Business In fact, there are very few persons who exactly correspond with Theory 'X' or Theory 'Y' assumptions. Rosalyn's boss is so impressed, she asks Rosalyn to complete the competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks. 4. job enrichment Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. Theory Y . Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. They can only be made to get results at work by the application of coercive methods and by direction. Students prefer to have the instructor direct their learning and not take on that responsibility themselves. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. A problem The principles that guide our practices also demonstrate this alignment: There are also a bunch of practices that bring the assumptions of Theory Y into shape and form part of the context of teams. This enables them to modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . He believed that by following Theory Y, supervisors could motivate their workers to achieve their highest potential. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic reward is the sole motivator for workers. It allows two people to do one job. It increases security concerns. ________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself. Your email address will not be published. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. 5. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 5. flextime. 2. Theory X Theory Y can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. Workers who wish to have your work published on IvyPanda approach, managers believe that control does not motivate to! Y Theory ', but so do people individual needs and wants and success seek insight into the of! Never completely satisfied use a mixture of both individual needs and organizational.... Can not push employees to perform better 'Japanese ' management style is applied by the application of coercive methods by... Private information safe writing code and developing software faster and better fulfillment both... On what motivates us most they guide the way leaders work with their teams and, a. 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Website to function properly the development of human behavior at work by the management, where the closely.