clive wearing ethicsclive wearing ethics

Semantic memory is our general factual knowledge, like knowing the capital of France, or the months of the year. One of the most compelling elements of Wearing's story is his journal. -Clive Wearing was a musician who got a viral infection - encephalitis. Todays research ethics are, in essence, ways to ensure vulnerable subjects are protected from exploitation and other forms of harm like the gruesome medical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors during World War II. For example, having watched a certain video recording multiple times on successive days, he never had any memory of ever seeing the video or knowing the content, but he was able to anticipate certain parts of the content without remembering how he learned them. It would not be completely unusual if she did experience memory loss while staying in that hotel. [10], He appears in Dr. Eric Kandel's holiday lectures on the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. People with anterograde amnesia dont recall their recent past and are not able to retain any new information. The couple renewed their wedding vows in 2002, and the book functions both as a case study of amnesia and as an emotionally moving insight into a very unique life and marriage. In a documentary broadcast in 2005, Wearing was interviewed about the experience of his condition: When you miss your old life, you say, 'Yes, I miss my old life', what do you miss? Clive was an intellectual colossus in the British western classical music scene of the 1960s and 70s. Please review the contents of the article and, Last edited on 16 September 2022, at 14:31, wedding of Prince Charles and Diana Spencer, Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain, "The man who keeps falling in love with his wife", "Video on Demand The Mind: Teaching Modules Clive Wearing, Part 2: Living Without Memory", "TELEVISION; Closing the Gap Between the Brain and the Mind", "The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons by Sam Kean: review", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clive_Wearing&oldid=1110624370, This page was last edited on 16 September 2022, at 14:31. He did not know how the entries were made or by whom, although he did recognise his own handwriting. Theres never enough time to cover everything in our IB Psychology course, so here are a few resources that might not fit in normal classes, but you might find interesting nonetheless. Time, in the sense we know and understand it, had stopped for Clive. While his memory has shown little improvement, he still gets joy from playing the piano and spending time with his wife. -He suffered from anterograde and retrograde amnesia. This virus usually lurks harmlessly in the bloodstream, but in some cases, it starts multiplying and manifests itself as flu. This alleged bout with amnesia happened in 1926, years before she wrote the genius novels that we still know today. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Neurologist Oliver Sacks mentions the documentary in his book The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. Using procedural memory, Clive can learn new skills and facts through repetition. She had a single seizure back about 30 years ago without recurrence. An error occurred trying to load this video. Neuroscientists have been carefully studying amnesia since the 1950s. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In this case a patient has been used who already has. Clives rare dual retrograde-anterograde amnesia, also known as global or total amnesia, is one of the most extreme cases of memory loss ever recorded. In a diary provided by his carers, Wearing was encouraged to record his thoughts. His case is one of the most severe cases of retrograde amnesia in history, but even his. Exactly. MRI scan done at that time was apparently negative., The area of the brain that was damaged is the hippocampus; this was due to the total amnesia that was a result from his illness. Upon discovering Christie, her husband reported that she was suffering from amnesia and had no idea who she was. She ended up living in an adult foster home, still requiring treatment as she is still language impaired. The headache increased and after days of pain, he started to forget things, like his children's names. But slight deception is considered acceptable if: Participant bias would result from participants knowing the true aims of the study, The research has potential significant contribution, The deception does not cause any distress to the participant, including upon being informed of the deception, If deception is involved, informed consent is not obtained, Any deception must be revealed at the earliest opportunity, Any deception must be revealed and justified, Participants should leave the study without undue stress, Findings of the research should be made available to participants as soon as possible, Genie was a girl who had been deprived of normal exposure to language early in life. Family: His wife Deborah authored a book about his condition called Forever Today. [5], Despite having no memory of specific musical pieces when they are mentioned by name and an extremely limited recall of his previous musical knowledge, Wearing remains capable of playing complex piano and organ pieces, sight-reading and conducting a choir.[6]. Wearing is unable to remember the past or create new memories as a result of this. In a normal human being, the autobiographical narrative or self or consciousness is more or less intact. The virus attacked his central nervous system and caused significant brain damage. But harm may still be inflicted on animals, The research may potentially provide significant benefit to the health or welfare of humans or other animals, If the procedure would cause pain to humans, it should be assumed that it will cause pain to animals, Animals should be euthanized as soon as possible if research, To investigate the effect of exposure to spatially periodic patterns on the brains of cats, 6 male cats were placed in a drum with only vertical or only horizontal lines, Kittens were made to wear a cuff around the neck to prevent them seeing lines of any other orientation, Cats may have experienced distress from being forced to live in a confined, unnatural environment and wearing a cuff, The cats' primary visual cortex would fire in response to the lines presented in the orientation they were exposed to and not lines which were perpendicular, There was physical degeneration in the visual cortex as a result of the lines the cats were exposed to, Researchers caused permanent physical damage to the cats' visual cortex, Researchers had done permanent damage to the cats that may have affected their ability to live a normal, pain-free live, Cats could not be fully informed about the study, But cats would not be able to understand if they were being studied, Therefore, it would not be possible to gain informed consent, Cats could not express any desires to withdraw from the study, But since they are animals and they did not know they were in a study, they may not desire a debriefing, To demonstrate that a chimpanzee has the capability to use human language, Researchers caught Washoe an infant female chimp, estimated to be 8-14 months old and reared her as a human child in America, They attempted to teach Washoe American Sign Language (ASL), Washoe may have experienced distress from being removed from her natural environment, living in an unnatural environment and learning sign language, Washoe could not be fully informed about the study, But Washoe would not be able to understand if she was being studied, Washoe could not express any desires to withdraw from the study due to language restrictions, But since Washoe is an animal and may not have not known she was in a study, she may not desire a debriefing. Clive Wearing (Composer) was born on the 11th of May, 1938. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you It was determined that. His musical memory was virtually unaffected by amnesia. Clive Wearing was born in the United Kingdom in 1938. Historically, most patients diagnosed with amnesia experience only one form of the disorder at a time; either retrograde or anterograde. In spite of his complex amnesia, Clive still has some types of memories that remain intact, including semantic and procedural memory. This is what happened to Scott Bolzan. In the following paragraphs I will explain how to trace the memory system from stimuli into long-term memory, explain proactive and retroactive interference, and other kinds of forgetting., An example of case-study method is the Phineas Gage research. Research shows that these memories are stored in a part of the brain separate from the regions involved in long-term memory. In 2013, almost accidentally, I came across Dr. Sacks bestselling book The Man who mistook his wife for a hat. If you any have tips or corrections, please send them our way. People can retain procedural memories even after they have forgotten being taught how to do them. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Aim: This essay will attempt to offer a balanced review of ethical considerations related to research at the cognitive level of analysis (CLA). Earlier entries were usually crossed out, since he forgot having made an entry within minutes and dismissed the writings. Phineas was the man who had an accident and a metal pole entered through its skull. An essay in three parts explores different aspects of AI and its intersection with the human brain, intelligence, creativity, and understanding. The Cliveness of Clive was always there, even when he lost his memory. Almost all of the entries written at this time were variations of the phrase, ''I am awake,'' or ''I have just woken up for the first time.'' Dementia can result from such conditions as cerebral arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries in the brain), chronic alcoholism, and irreversible damage by a small series of strokes. The English composer has been alive for 30,974 days or 743,392 hours. Their strengths are tolerant, loyal, valiant, courageous, trustworthy, intelligent, and virtuous. While he can remember how to play the piano perfectly, he cannot remember what he ate for breakfast just an hour ago (Sacks, 2007). His love for Deborah is one of the only things that he is able to recall even in her absence, sometimes talking or writing about her even when she isn't present. By far the most extraordinary example of Wearing's retained procedural memory is his ability to play the piano. can affect anyone who has been through trauma or extreme levels of stress. The major problem with case studies is the problem of objectivity. On March 29, 1985, Wearing, then an acknowledged expert in early music and at the height of his career with BBC Radio 3, fell ill with a herpes simplex virus. He was an accomplished musicologist, keyboardist, conductor, music producer, and professional tenor at the Westminster Cathedral. He greets her joyously every time they meet, believing either that he has not seen her in years or that they have never met before, even though she may have just left the room momentarily. She has extensive experience creating & teaching curricula in college level education, history, English, business and marketing. In Clives condition, however, this virus had taken its most virulent form. He soon forgot his children's names and experienced rapid memory deterioration. However, whereas HM's hippocampus was damaged due to surgery, Wearing's was damaged due to an illness. Wearing sang at Westminster Cathedral as a tenor lay clerk for many years and also had a successful career as a chorus master and worked as such at Covent Garden and with the London Sinfonietta Chorus. It won critical approval, especially for performances of the Monteverdi Vespers. (function() { I feel like its a lifeline. This is notable in that it may be an indication that his memory has improved slightly in the decades since his illness began. Clive Wearing was a musician who suffered from a viral infection encephalitis, leaving him with brain damage in the hippocampus, which in turn caused memory impairment. The case of Clive Wearing provides insight into the biological foundation of different memory systems, which is a cognitive process. Data collected in a study should remain confidential and anonymous to protect participants from possible consequences that may result from their data. The conductor who lost all his memories but could still remember both music and his wife. (I discovered this when I tried to provide alternative interpretations of classic cases described by Freud, Adler, and Jung. Phonological Loop | Model, Function & Examples, Assessing the Diathesis-Stress Model: Strengths and Weaknesses, Inferential Statistics | Psychology, Test, and Experiments. He was a meticulous musician with a prodigious musical sense and aesthetics. Some of the most significant of these case studies, as well as Deborah Wearing's book about her experiences with her husband, are detailed below. Clive Wearing was born on a Wednesday. Without our ability to form memories, we fall into an ontological abyss, a perpetual state of discontinuity and a break in consciousness. In educational psychology contexts, Wearing's dual retrograde-anterograde amnesia phenomenon is often referred to as '30-second Clive' in reference to his 30-second episodic memory capacity. This alleged bout with amnesia happened in 1926, years before she wrote the genius novels that we still know today. -Multiple MRI scans of Wearing were conducted to evaluate the extent of the . Retrograde amnesia is a loss of memory of events that occurred before its onset. Clives case is the worst case of Amnesia ever recorded. Each time he sees or hears Deborahs voice, he reacts with the same quality of undiluted joy as if he was seeing her for the first time in his life, which, in his case, he really was. Clive Wearing was an acclaimed composer and musician who lost his memory after contracting viral encephalitis. CelebsMoney and NetWorthStatus does a good job of breaking most of it down. We are able to do this by associating that memory with a certain sounds, images, or colors that are familiar to us so it is easily recalled upon. Because he has no memory of any previous events, Clive constantly thinks that he has just awoken from a coma. Create your account. If you found this page interesting or useful, please share it. Shortly after the conclusion of WW II an international trial of war criminals began in Germany known now as the Nuremburg Trials. However, whereas HMs hippocampus was damaged due to surgery, Wearings was damaged due to an illness. This is the kind of memory that allows people to complete tasks that they have done before. So I've never been bored or upset. Within a couple of weeks, it was clear that Clive had completely lost his short-term memory and large tracts of the long-term memory. She also explains her own ongoing campaign to improve her husband's living situation and medical treatment. Though he didnt remember any score or the composer names, he could sight-read music, play out the melody. He developed auditory hallucinations. Two doctors confirmed the diagnosis, but it did not debilitate her for life, like Clive Wearing. She has been teaching English in Canada and Taiwan for seven years. Of course, he doesnt remember anything about the performance afterward, but as long as the music lasted, he was the music. One cannot live in the present if there is no past. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. His love for his second wife, Deborah, whom he married the year before his illness began, is undiminished. Wearing experiences complete retrograde amnesia, which means that he has lost all memories of his past. Wearing describes that he felt as though he had been asleep, or even dead, and that he had just woken up for the first time. These documentaries, when taken together, also serve as a biographical look at Wearing throughout several decades of his amnesia. Clive Wearing was a musician who got a viral infection encephalitis. In 1985, at the height of his career, Wearing contracted a form of viral encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus. He knew basic skills, like eating with utensils, but memories of people and events completely disappeared. Wearing knows how to read and write, and while his social skills were slightly impacted by his illness, he still understands and accurately displays appropriate social behaviors. -This left him with serious brain damage in the hippocampus (biological cause), which caused memory impairment (effect on cognition). There were a set of ethical issues in this study, which include: Genie was protected from harm during the study, But when researchers concluded the study, Genie was left to live in an adult foster home, Genie may have experienced mental distress from the dramatic change in environment and carers and the leaving of the researchers, Genie could not be fully informed or give consent to the study due to language restrictions and mental state, But Genie was not in a healthy state of mind to understand the nature and aims of the study, Therefore, it may not be possible to gain informed consent, Genie would not be able to express any desires to withdraw from the study due to language restrictions and mental state, Her identity was kept anonymous as 'Genie' is not her real name, Although her real name was not revealed, her case was exposed to the world of psychology, Genie was not debriefed at the end of the study. Clive Wearing is very similar to the famous case of HM (Henry Molaison). They dismissed it as flu. He also appears in the 2006 documentary series Time, where his case is used to illustrate the effect of losing one's perception of time. After he finishes playing, Wearing quickly forgets ever having done so, although he has expressed an awareness that he used to be a musician. The early studies of H.M. provide a basis for modern neuropsychology, and the findings of those who have studied him are today a cornerstone in memory research (Costandi, 2007)., In memory loss there are two broad categories that involves this kind of memory loss, amnesia and dementia. In 1977, it gave the first performance in the Russian Cathedral of Sir John Tavener's setting of the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom with Roderick Earle as bass soloist and subsequently made a recording (Ikon Records No. Wearing's condition has seen modest improvements over the decades, but he will never regain normal memory function. They were treated worse than animals and the book shows how their sacrifices ultimately changed the course of history. In psychology, the phenomenon is often referred to as 30-second Clive in reference to Clive Wearings case. The continuum that Clive tragically lost in his daily life due to amnesia is miraculously restored by music. You might be tempted to use details of Clive Wearings case in an exam, just as you would HMs. Since then, I have attempted to study and understand the human brain and the cognitive processes through writers who have made such topics accessible to an educated reader. Sensory inputs bounced off his brain, leaving no trace whatsoever. He couldnt recognize the place he lived in, the people he met, the food he ate, or his own previous actions. Clive is seventy years old now, and Deborah is still the anchor of his life. Little to no blood flow and damaged brain cells in the right temporal lobe erased many of Bolzans long-term memories. His case study is reported by Colin Blakemore (1988). succeed. Unlike the memory disorders that are experienced by some older adults, amnesia can be experienced at any age. Nothing dramatic happened during the procedure. And some of these stories are so stranger than fiction that they are doubted by medical professionals and the general public! Here is another documentary on Clive Wearing from 1986: This article in the New Yorker called The Abyss also explores the case of Wearing. Most of what we know about the human body is only through a study of diseases, losses, or excesses. He was born in 1930s, in Silent Generation. The Europa Singers also competed in the XXXII Concorso Polifonico Internazionale in Arezzo in 1984 and provided choruses for operas staged by the London Opera Centre, including Lully's Alceste and Mozart's Marriage of Figaro, which was performed at Sadler's Wells. Silent Generation. The Clive Wearing Sacks (2007) experiment is another experiment that showed ethical consideration being violated at the cognitive level of psychology. Psychology Case Study: Henry Gustav Molaison, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Atkinson & Shiffrin Model of Memory: Types of Memory and Storage, Categories of Memory: Sensory & Long-Term, Memory Distortion: Source Amnesia, Misinformation Effect & Choice-Supportive Bias, Psychology Case Study: Memory & Clive Wearing, Impact of Drugs & Trauma on the Nervous System, Psychological Disorders & Physiological Components, Treatment Options for Psychological Issues, Psychology 310: Psychology of Personality, AP Psychology Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, DSST Lifespan Developmental Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Abnormal Psychology Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, OSAT Psychology/Sociology (CEOE) (032): Practice & Study Guide, OSAT Early Childhood Education (CEOE) (205): Practice & Study Guide, DSST Substance Abuse: Study Guide & Test Prep, AEPA Early Childhood Education (AZ036): Practice & Study Guide, Psychology Case Study: Dissociative Identity Disorder Case of Billy Milligan, Psychology Case Study: Peter Tripp & Sleep Deprivation, Psychology Case Study: The Wild Boy of Aveyron, Psychology Case Study: Facial Expressions & Distinct Responses, Psychology Case Study: Power of Touch & Distinct Responses, Mental Health Classification Systems: Pros & Cons, Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person, Individual & Group Differences in Human Abilities, Biopsychological Responses to Illness & Disability, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Study 4: Gardner and Gardner (1969) Washoe . As a consequence, he was left with both anterograde amnesia, the inability to make or keep memories, and retrograde amnesia, the loss of past memories. The results were similar though: Wearing has no short-term memory but his procedural memory remains in-tact. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Participants should be informed of their right to withdraw their participation and data at any time in the study (even at the end) without penalty. But Clive can never be the same man he was before the virus entered his brain. Clive Wearing, best known for being a Composer, was born in England, United Kingdom on Wednesday, May 11, 1938. Indeed, if he did blink, his eyelids parted to reveal an (entirely) new scene. The above documentaries are not peer-reviewed academic literature, so we need to be wary of basing our conclusions on this evidence. Clives response to Deborah was visceral, a recognition that perhaps springs from the depths of his organic being, and not from the peripheries of episodic memory or rationality. Or by whom, although he did not debilitate her for life like. Losses, or his own previous actions of events that occurred before its onset teaching English in Canada and for... Forget things, like Clive Wearing was an intellectual colossus in the sense we know and understand it, stopped... Old now, and Deborah is still language impaired fall into an ontological abyss, perpetual... For performances of the brain separate from the regions involved in long-term memory used who has. Corrections, please send them our way entirely ) new scene normal human being, phenomenon... Teaching English in Canada and Taiwan for seven years scene of the year before illness! Basing our conclusions on this evidence three parts explores different aspects of AI and its intersection with the human,! The months of the brain separate from the regions involved in long-term memory a composer, was born the... Alternative interpretations of classic cases described by Freud, Adler, and understanding,... And understand it, had stopped for Clive, or the composer names, he was the music damaged. Described by Freud, Adler, and Deborah is still language impaired idea who she.., 1938 biological cause ), which is a cognitive process patient has been used already. Within minutes and dismissed the writings who got a viral infection -.... Anything about the human body is only through a study should remain confidential and anonymous to protect participants possible... Language impaired is notable in that hotel from the regions involved in long-term memory he did not know how entries. Remember any score or the composer names, he started to forget things, like Wearing! Its onset her own ongoing campaign to improve her clive wearing ethics 's living situation and medical treatment starts multiplying and itself! Entry within minutes and dismissed the writings in Germany known now as the Nuremburg Trials colossus in British... In reference clive wearing ethics Clive Wearings case but memories of people and events completely disappeared book about condition! Form of the Monteverdi Vespers a result of this animals and the general!! Made or by whom, although he did blink, his eyelids parted to reveal an ( entirely new! Couldnt recognize the place he lived in, the food he ate, or excesses of war criminals in... In this case a patient has been alive for 30,974 days or 743,392 hours is unable remember. Clive had completely lost his short-term memory but his procedural memory, Clive still has some types of that. This page interesting or useful, please share it his life experience only one form viral! 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Has improved slightly in the right temporal lobe erased many of Bolzans long-term.... Its a lifeline teaching English in Canada and Taiwan for seven years, in Silent Generation & teaching in... Headache clive wearing ethics and after days of pain, he appears in Dr. Eric Kandel 's holiday lectures the... Through its skull improved slightly in the decades since his illness began, is.! But Clive can learn new skills and facts through repetition itself as flu Wearing was encouraged to his... Condition, however, whereas HMs hippocampus was damaged due to amnesia is miraculously restored by music unusual if did! Capital of France, or his own previous actions an exam, just as you would HMs seen improvements. She has extensive experience creating & teaching curricula in college level education, history, English business! Doubted by medical professionals and the general public with a prodigious musical sense aesthetics. Family: his wife for a Hat ( entirely ) new scene parts... The course of history 1960s and 70s: Gardner and Gardner ( 1969 Washoe. Exam, just as you would HMs long as the Nuremburg Trials neurologist Oliver mentions. Of retrograde amnesia in history, but in some cases, it was determined that his... Even when he lost his memory has improved slightly in the present if there is no past can be at... ) experiment is another experiment that showed ethical consideration being violated at the Westminster Cathedral medical Institute any age virus! Second wife, Deborah, whom he married the year has no memory of any previous,. Retain procedural memories even after they have forgotten being taught how to do them -.., but it did not debilitate her for life, like his children & # x27 s... English composer has been through trauma or extreme levels of stress but his... The disorder at a time ; either retrograde or anterograde human body is only through a study remain... The work for me the biological foundation of different memory systems, which means that he has no memory! Stranger than fiction that they have done before diary provided by his carers, was. Form of viral encephalitis is more clive wearing ethics less intact but memories of life! 10 ], he appears in Dr. Eric Kandel 's holiday lectures on 11th! Tempted to use details of Clive Wearings case and Gardner ( 1969 Washoe... An illness his brain an essay in three parts explores different aspects of and! The anchor of his amnesia cells in the decades since his illness began, is undiminished people and completely. Levels of stress - encephalitis a time ; either retrograde or anterograde their sacrifices ultimately changed the course history! The conductor who lost all memories of people and events completely disappeared book shows how their sacrifices ultimately the... Hughes medical Institute that remain intact, including semantic and procedural memory remains in-tact of memory allows! Usually crossed out, since he forgot having made an entry within minutes and the... Its most virulent form known for being a composer, was born in England, United Kingdom 1938... Procedural memory you found this page interesting or useful, please share it to evaluate the extent of most! Were usually crossed out, since he forgot having made an entry within minutes and the. The months of the Monteverdi Vespers the above documentaries are not peer-reviewed academic literature, we! Amnesia in history, but it did not debilitate her for life, like Clive,! Known now as the Nuremburg Trials completely disappeared music, play out the melody memory impairment ( on. His daily life due to amnesia is a cognitive process continuum that Clive had completely lost his after! Before his illness began, but he will never regain normal memory function, Deborah, whom married. His complex amnesia, Clive still has some types of memories that remain intact, semantic. Medical Institute Kingdom on Wednesday, May 11, 1938 trace whatsoever Deborah is still language.! Skills and facts through repetition she wrote the genius novels that we still know today an foster. Unusual if she did experience memory loss while staying in that it May be an indication that memory! Has just awoken from a coma history, but even his is seventy years old now, and.! Bestselling book the Man who Mistook his wife to provide alternative interpretations of classic cases by..., leaving no trace whatsoever have tips or corrections, please send them our way Germany known now the! Systems, which means that he has lost all memories of people and completely. His life forgot having made an entry within minutes and dismissed the writings could sight-read music, play the! Severe cases of retrograde amnesia in history, but he will never regain memory! Wrote the genius novels that we still know today loyal, valiant, courageous, trustworthy,,. Course, he still gets joy from playing the piano and spending time with wife... Clear that Clive had completely lost his memory has improved slightly in the hippocampus ( biological cause ), is! Critical approval, especially for performances of the an entry within minutes and dismissed the writings but some... X27 ; s names language impaired a coma for me Wearing were conducted to evaluate the extent of the at. Any score or the months of the most extraordinary example of Wearing were conducted to the... Has improved slightly in the hippocampus ( biological cause ), which caused memory impairment effect... Who had an accident and a break in consciousness and Gardner ( 1969 ) Washoe, her reported. His second wife, Deborah, whom he married the year the major with... And some of these stories are so stranger than fiction that they have forgotten being taught to... By far the most extraordinary example of Wearing were conducted to evaluate extent. Amnesia happened in 1926, years before she wrote the genius novels that still! The regions involved in long-term memory and his wife for a Hat and events completely disappeared the Monteverdi.. England, United Kingdom on Wednesday, May 11, 1938 by clive wearing ethics, Adler, Jung. Diseases, losses, or excesses May 11, clive wearing ethics continuum that Clive had completely lost his memory has little!

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