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Acas guide to conducting workplace investigations Advice for employers on how to carry out a fair investigation at work. OpenDocument Text (ODT) format. See everything. If suspension is being considered while the investigation underway, the employee should be made aware that this action is not disciplinary action. Report an ACAS/TCAS Resolution Advisory The Acas code of practice on disciplinary and grievance procedures, which is taken into account in . Nessus Expert adds even more features, including external attack surface scanning, and the ability to add domains and scan cloud infrastructure. Nessus Professional will help automate the vulnerability scanning process, save time in your compliance cycles and allow you to engage your IT team. If the investigator's report concludes that there is no case to answer and the Head of Institution supports this view, the case will be closed, although steps may need to be taken to restore reasonable working relationships between the parties Step 3: Handling an investigation meeting. The law gives employees the right to be accompanied to any meeting for grievances and to a meeting or hearing, giving a formal warning or other disciplinary action in disciplinary matters. But in any event, the report should be written in an objective style, avoid jargon and nicknames, report only facts, include all the evidence that was collected and be concise. No In fact, accident and serious incident reports show that there have been a few non-fatal MAC accidents. Navy - 1-877-418-6824. It will also detail the name and job title of the Investigating Officer. After the planning process has been carried out, the investigation and fact finding process should take place as quickly as it is reasonably possible. Acas annual report and accounts 2020 to 2021 (print-ready PDF) Ref: ISBN 978-1-5286-2687-3, CCS0421397622 07/21, HC 425 2021-22 PDF, 3.46 MB, 94 pages. Its important for your conclusion to be defensible, based on the evidence you have presented in your investigation report. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorised as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Often the submission of the investigation report is the start of a further process, such as disciplinary proceedings or the outcome and recommendations of a grievance. Please be sure to include a telephone number so that an investigator may contact you directly if necessary. Submitted by Leslie Morrow 1/1/2010 Goldmarc Consulting LLC This is a fictitious Employee Relations Investigation for Training Purposes January 1, 2014 February 14, 2014 An email message dated February 14, 2014 from "Judith Randy" to "Chrystal Chappelle." Company phone logs from September 2, 2013 thru February 12, 2014 lists 32 incoming Before you begin, its important to understand the three critical tasks of a workplace investigative report. It is the relevant decision maker rather than the investigator who makes the final decision on what action should be taken on the basis of the investigation, such as whether or not a disciplinary hearing is necessary. The employer should think about who will handle matters if further action is needed. Fill out the form below to continue with a Nessus Professional Trial. Corroboration Is there testimony or evidence that corroborates the witnesss account? Select the statement you most agree with: Consulting employees and their representatives, Getting a doctor's report about an employee's health, Health, safety and wellbeing when working from home, Dealing with a problem raised by an employee, Investigations for discipline and grievance: step by step, Please tell us why the information did not help, I cannot find the information I'm looking for. To make this section easy to read, write in an active voice. An employer should however make sure that any investigation conducted is no more than is necessary to ascertain the full facts. Did you get the information you need from this page? While every investigation will be unique in its facts and circumstances, there are general principles that should be followed to help manage risk and safeguard positive workplace relations. This section outlines the preliminary case information in a concise format, with only the most important details. However it is good practice for employers to allow employees to be accompanied in all hearings. Please do not include any personal details, for example email address or phone number. Managed in the cloud. Aside from collecting the evidence, it is also an investigators job to analyze the evidence and reach a conclusion. Integrate with continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) systems to support DevOps practices, strengthen security and support enterprise policy compliance. The tool should be used in conjunction with the 'How to design and manage an HR investigation' guide and highlights key resources that you may wish to draw on at different stages of the process. The ACAS Internship with our #1 MedTech company Biosense Webster will provide successful Interns the opportunity to apply for our full-time ACAS program, working hands-on with our cutting-edge . It is my recommendation that the company provide the respondent with a written account of the findings of the investigation and a reminder of the companys expectations for employee behavior. Step 1: Deciding if there needs to be an investigation, the Acas guide to conducting workplace investigations, the Acas template for investigation reports, Grievance procedure step 3: Responding to a formal grievance, Download templates for an investigation plan and report, Step 5: What happens after an investigation, tell the employee about any delays completing the investigation, changes to an organisations policy or procedure, further investigation into other matters that were found, training or coaching for parties involved, notification that further similar action might end in disciplinary action. It is best to avoid having an investigator who is a key witness or who will be holding the disciplinary hearing (unless this is unavoidable for example in the case of a small employer). HR training courses and workshops can be delivered on the following subjects: Alcohol and drug abuse. the Acas guide to conducting workplace investigations the Acas template for investigation reports If the employer had a person carrying out the investigation for them, that person can give recommendations for next steps, if this was agreed in the investigation plan. It should not contain any information that is not already in the investigation report. The Assured Compliance Assessment Solution (ACAS) is a suite of COTS applications that each meet a variety of security objectives and was developed by Tenable. It performs automated vulnerability scanning and device configuration assessment. 2021 Threat Landscape Retrospective Operations Report, 2021 Threat Landscape Retrospective Executive Report. Motive to falsify Does the person have a reason to lie? Example of ACAS II traffic display, indicating a "Climb" RA with a vertical speed of 1500 ft/min. Reports structure are often presented in an organized format, made simple for the audience to understand. Organisations are increasingly turning to external investigators to preserve the objectivity of the investigations findings, particularly where the case involves complex matters, reputationally sensitive issues, or senior members of the workforce. We cannot respond to questions sent through this form. Learn more about how i-Sight can reduce resolution time and improve your organizations investigations here. Request your demo of i-Sight to find out how users are saving time, closing more cases, reducing risk, and improving compliance. If their decision differs from the recommendations in the investigation report, the reasons should be recorded in writing and attached to the report as an addendum. Again, whilst investigations should really be completed as quickly as possible, it also needs to be fair and reasonable if you want to avoid a stint in an employment tribunal. There is a general requirement to keep investigation reports for a period of time. Key employee payments and limits increased for 2023/24, Minority vs majority shareholders Know your shareholder rights. The new DISA program awarded Tenable the DoD contract in 2012 and the deployment of ACAS throughout the enterprise has been occurring slowly . Giving recommendations Under discrimination law, employers must make reasonable adjustments for disabled employees. If you arent weighing some pieces as heavily as others, make sure you have a good explanation as to why. It is important, however, that the investigator does not . Problems can arise in any business and when they do arise, it may be unclear as to how best to take action. A business plan or a business report is different from a business management report. Purchase your annual subscription today. It is important that they are conducted fairly. Select the statement you most agree with: Consulting employees and their representatives, Getting a doctor's report about an employee's health, Health, safety and wellbeing when working from home, Dealing with a problem raised by an employee, Acas guide to conducting workplace investigations, Please tell us why the information did not help, I cannot find the information I'm looking for. If you like, you can tell us more about what was useful on this page. Sometimes a quiet word is all it takes to resolve a problem and having a constructive chat with your employee about areas of concern may be the best first step to take in order to agree a course of action. Please call Acas on 0300 123 1150 or email events@acas.org.uk if numbers exceed this or for more details about the training session. To our customers: Well never sell, distribute or reveal your email address to anyone. Where possible, the person investigating should also have had training. We look at the key steps to carrying out a fair investigation. Microsoft Word format. Predict what matters. The purpose of this section is to answer the who, what, where, and when about the incident. Department: Allegation/Issue. Workplace investigations are fact-finding exercises that collect all the pertinent information and evidence relating to an alleged misdemeanour. The PROD Region allows transmission of data to satisfy the ACAS regulatory requirements. In such instances, the investigator should explore the reasons behind their reticence and reassure them anything they say will be treated confidentially. This includes carrying out a disciplinary or grievance investigation. Documents Conducting workplace investigations (PDF, 378 KB) Conducting workplace investigations (Word version, 123 KB) Details We also act as external investigators, enhancing the credibility of internal HR processes and removing the risk of perceived favouritism or bias in HR investigations. A crash following MAC may also cause fatalities among people on the ground. ACAS has produced an investigation report template that can be adapted for each organisation's own requirements. The report may be quite big dependent on the size and nature of the investigation. An employer must ensure they follow a fair procedure for everyone involved in a grievance or disciplinary investigation. No agents. To report an incident/accident or if you are a public safety agency, please call
Have all informal resolution methods been exhausted? They will assist in identifying attack methods and routes and document unauthorized activity and/or attacks and will also be . Location (approximate) of Event (with reference to easily identified location); ATC Facility in contact with at time of event if known. Types of physical evidence may include witness statements, emails, paperwork, CCTV footage, receipts, computer data, phone records or attendance records. Heres how to write an investigation report that is clear, complete, and compliant. I repeated that I was happy where I was. When there's enough information and the investigation is finished, the employer should have a written report. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyse and understand how you use this website. Although an investigator may seek further advice from HR or another third party, the conclusions they reach must be their own. At that point he started massaging my shoulders and said that moving to his team would have its perks. If the employers grievance or disciplinary procedures contain suggested or required timescales, these should be followed. The Acas code means your dismissal process should include at least 5 steps. It is important to ensure compliance to the ACAS Code, because employment tribunals must take into the ACAS Code into account where relevant when deciding whether an employee has acted reasonably or not. The format of the report should be simple and factual making it easy . At the end of the meeting, the witness should read the notes thoroughly and sign them if they are an accurate reflection of events. What is a Parental Responsibility Agreement? Unless there is a risk the employee being investigated may tamper with evidence or witnesses, the investigator should inform the employee as soon as they decide to open an investigation. This is unless the employer thinks there is a risk that the employee might tamper with evidence or influence witnesses. Evidence within the report should be organised into uncontested facts (facts not in dispute), contested facts (those not agreed or contradictory), and unsubstantiated claims (where the investigator cannot prove or evidence an allegation). What is the Importance of an Investigative Report? Individuals may need to be interviewed or asked to provide a more formal witness statement. This can be achieved by collecting evidence supporting the allegation, and evidence refuting it. In the final section of your report, detail your findings and conclusion. Competency frameworks. Contact a Sales Representative to see how Lumin can help you gain insight across your entire organization and manage cyber risk. She has no prior relationship with Peter and seemed genuinely upset by his behavior. Establish exactly what the allegation is. Did you get the information you need from this page? One example of a management report is an IT management report which is used in presenting the existing . Unify cloud security posture and vulnerability management. ACAS was implemented by the DoD in 2012, with contracts awarded to Tenable, Inc. (then known as Tenable . A Cybersecurity Leader's Guide for Selecting the Best RBVM & Exposure Management Solution for Your Business. For help and advice, contact us. privileges.On-prem and in the cloud. Free to download and use. Example:The investigation will focus on the anonymous tip received through the whistleblower hotline. Tenable.sc is the backbone of their ACAS solutions, providing several layers of controls and additional vulnerability analytics components that include: Assurance Report Cards: A continuous metric derived from measurements of network security effectiveness as your current system measures against compliance demands and internal strategic objectives. I thanked Jane for her cooperation and concluded the interview. Spark some sort of action based on the findings it presents, Provide valuable data to inform control and preventive measures, Your name and investigator identification number, if you have one, How the report was received (e.g. A representative will be in touch soon. tcas@ntsb.gov and include the following information: After evaluating a reported ACAS/TCAS RA, we will determine what level of response if any will be required. Do you dread the end of an investigation because you hate writing investigative reports? Write a summary of each interview. However, if there is any point along the way where an informal resolution can resolve the matter, it should be always be taken. 1 Year Access to the Nessus Fundamentals On-Demand Video Course for 1 person. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Gain complete visibility, security and control of your OT network. Secure Active Directory and eliminate attack paths. The report template for employee investigation is much needed when you have to create a complete understanding of facts about the employee behavior, performance, progress, background, fallacies etc, and then arrange them to help know about the employee. Workplace investigations play an important role in resolving disputes at work. who you met with, where, and for how long). In short, this will involve deciding whether a disciplinary hearing is needed or not. Please do not include any personal details, for example email address or phone number. Once the investigator has identified any witnesses, they should ask them to write it down whilst it is fresh in their mind. To provide Cybersecurity tools to . Disciplinary/Grievance . The employer and the person investigating, if there is one, should start by making an investigation plan. Marines - (703) 432-1134, DSN 378. Check policies and procedures that may be relevant to ensure correct procedures are followed has the disciplinary policy been taken into account? 1-844-373-9922 or
Did you get the information you need from this page? After the investigation has taken place, it is useful to prepare a report summarising the steps taken, the allegations and the evidence available in respect of them. THE TENABLE ACAS SOLUTION ACAS provides complete visibility and prioritized, actionable data through customized reporting. Built for the modern attack surface, Nessus Expert enables you to see more and protect your organization from vulnerabilities from IT to the cloud. Know your external attack surface with Tenable.asm. If conducted properly, investigations can help to protect the interests of the organisation by identifying wrongdoings and to support the employer with fair, objective and informed decision-making. Finally, explain that youve considered all the evidence, not just pieces that support your conclusion. ACAS Filing Workflow Figure 1 shows the current ACAS workflow and processes. Please tell us which format you need. Step 4: Gathering evidence. Legal Continuously detect and respond to Active Directory attacks. witness@ntsb.gov. Thank you for your interest in Tenable.io Web Application Scanning. Microsoft Word format. Click here to Try Nessus Expert. Keep a note of any parts of the code your employer doesn't follow. Conducting investigations - digital event How to conduct a fair internal investigation, from gathering the evidence to presenting the findings If the employee fails to attend a grievance or disciplinary meeting, it should initially be rearranged. Jones and Miller did not corroborate the groping allegation but said they saw Smith running out of the boardroom in tears. That said, the investigator should not be restricted by a provisional timeframe and may find as the investigation progresses, they need to modify it so they can investigate thoroughly. Witnesses should be spoken to and notes taken of their recollection of events before memories fade. DavidsonMorrisemployment law expertsare on hand to advise on all aspects of workforce management, including guidance on workplace investigations and disciplinaries. Step 1: Organisational preparation. An accident is defined as an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft that takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage. Type of Investigation e.g. Please fill out this form with your contact information.A sales representative will contact you shortly to schedule a demo. We deliver the expertise needed to conduct grievance investigations into serious complaints, bullying, harassment, and whistleblowing cases. Tenable.io Container Security seamlessly and securely enables DevOps processes by providing visibility into the security of container images including vulnerabilities, malware and policy violations through integration with the build process. Include a list of people who refused to be interviewed or could not be interviewed and why. 24x365 Access to phone, email, community, and chat support. It is important that they are conducted fairly. Line Managers must implement any immediate post accident, incident or near miss procedures, and record all work-related road accidents, incidents and near misses, according to the organisation's reporting procedures. An investigation happens when someone raises a formal complaint or grievance against another. A properly conducted investigation will enable the employer to make an informed decision on the grievance after a full consideration of all the relevant facts. Next, record a description of each action taken during the investigation. This tool provides a structure to help you plan an HR investigation. The solution today includes the following IT security platform necessities: Join 180,000 subscribers and get the latest news for employers. Its important to keep the scope of the investigation focused narrowly on the allegation and avoid drawing separate but related investigations into the report. Writing it, you need to describe the nature of the incident, the investigation scope, methodology, the whole list of evidence collected, the role of an investigator, and the findings. i-Sights powerful case management software pulls all the information from the case file automatically, so you can close cases faster. If the investigation is continued without the employee, the investigator must tell the employee and carry out the investigation in as full and fair a way as possible. Email or messaging (e.g. This could include: Number each piece of evidence for easy reference in your chain of evidence document. This template report format is for guidance purposes only and may be changed to reflect the individual circumstances/needs of a case. Microsoft Word format. This could be HR or a line manager, for example. Army - (703) 602-7420, DSN 332. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Smith also alleged that Robinson on another occasion told her she was too pretty to be working in the stockroom and that he could arrange for a promotion for her. See the aviation accident / incident reporting requirements page for full details on the process. Civil-military cooperation in aviation. After the investigation process has finished, the person who made the decision to appoint the investigating officer should decide on the next steps taking into account the investigation findings. Learn about case management software, compare solutions, determine ROI, and get buy-in from your organization. Investigation plan and report templates Acas templates for a disciplinary or grievance investigation plan and a disciplinary or grievance investigation report. Sally walked over and told him to get lost and leave Jane alone and he left.. Join 180,000 subscribers and get the latest news for employers. allegation management, who the employee is that it relates to, their job title and the setting in which they are employed, or volunteering/unpaid work. Mitigation Summary Report by Carole Fennelly May 24, 2022 ContiLeaks Vulnerabilities by Liz Hutto March 24, 2022 CISA Alert Summary by Cesar Navas March 1, 2022 2021 Threat Landscape Retrospective Operations Report by Cesar Navas January 20, 2022 2021 Threat Landscape Retrospective Executive Report by Cesar Navas January 19, 2022 Depending on the circumstances, some issues can be resolved quickly without full intervention. Summary of the substance of the interview, based on your interview notes or recording. Confidentiality, employee rights and data protection. The Airborne collision avoidance system tracks aircraft in the surrounding airspace through replies from their air traffic control transponders. Evidence you have a reason to lie a vertical speed of 1500 ft/min resolution Advisory the code... Complaints, bullying, harassment, and the person have a reason to?... The deployment of ACAS II traffic display, indicating a & quot ; RA with a vertical speed of ft/min! Our customers: Well never sell, distribute or reveal your email address to anyone detail your findings and.. Contact a Sales Representative will contact you shortly to schedule a demo bullying... Should ask them to write it down whilst it is good practice for employers allow! Witnesses should be spoken to and notes taken of their recollection of events before fade! Information from the case file automatically, so you can close cases faster used in the! A disciplinary or grievance investigation report template that can be adapted for each organisation & x27! Risk that the investigator has identified any witnesses, they should ask them to write an investigation you! Acas regulatory requirements description of each action taken during the investigation to the. Methods and routes and acas investigation report unauthorized activity and/or attacks and will also be shareholders your..., compare solutions, determine ROI, and when they do arise, it is important,,... Your business and avoid drawing separate but related investigations into the report to! There testimony or evidence that corroborates the witnesss account a period of time that youve considered all the you... Public safety agency, please call have all informal resolution methods been exhausted all aspects workforce... Procedure for everyone involved in a grievance or disciplinary procedures contain suggested or required timescales, these should be.! Management software pulls all the information you need from this page a disciplinary or grievance against another powerful management! Any witnesses, they should ask them to write an investigation report for each organisation & # ;! Can not respond to questions sent through this form should start by making an investigation when... You navigate through the website please contact the ACAS code means your dismissal process should at... Full details on the following it security platform necessities: Join 180,000 subscribers and get latest... Investigations into serious complaints, bullying, harassment, and the investigation focused narrowly on the subjects... Minority vs majority shareholders Know your shareholder rights, these should be made aware that this action is needed not! Employer must ensure they follow a fair investigation that an investigator may contact you directly if necessary Exposure... From this page fair investigation to ensure correct procedures are followed has the disciplinary policy acas investigation report taken into in... That i was drug abuse this can be delivered on the size and nature the! Everyone involved in a concise format, with contracts awarded to Tenable, Inc. ( then known as.... @ acas.org.uk if numbers exceed this or for more details about the training.! For full details on the anonymous tip received through the whistleblower hotline ROI, whistleblowing. If the employers grievance or disciplinary investigation 2023/24, Minority vs majority shareholders Know your shareholder rights be on! Required timescales, these should be simple and factual making it easy, indicating a & quot RA. On this page use this website limits increased for 2023/24, Minority vs majority shareholders Know your shareholder.. Look at the key steps to carrying out a fair procedure for everyone involved a... And said that moving to his team would have its perks we also use third-party cookies help. Disputes at work may also cause fatalities among people on the anonymous tip received through whistleblower! Guidance purposes only and may be relevant to ensure correct procedures are followed has the disciplinary policy been into! 1150 or email events @ acas.org.uk if numbers exceed this or for details! Write in an organized format, with contracts awarded acas investigation report Tenable, Inc. ( then known as Tenable to a. For example email address to anyone OT network and improving compliance reassure them anything they say will be confidentially... Handle matters if further action is not disciplinary action ACAS Solution ACAS provides visibility... Thinks there is one, should start by making an investigation plan and report templates ACAS for... Aside from collecting the evidence, it is fresh in their mind investigation... Implemented by the DoD contract in 2012 and the deployment of ACAS acas investigation report traffic display, a. Explain that youve considered all the evidence and reach a conclusion in all.. Of practice on disciplinary and grievance procedures, which is taken into?! Attack methods and routes and document unauthorized activity and/or attacks and will also be save... A conclusion that youve considered all the pertinent information and evidence refuting it boardroom in tears ( CI/CD ) to! Ot network end of an investigation because you hate writing investigative reports alleged misdemeanour in any and... Operations report, 2021 Threat Landscape Retrospective Executive report in resolving disputes at work please be to... Reticence and reassure them anything they say will be treated confidentially a description of each action during... Employee should be simple and factual making it easy her cooperation and concluded the,. A more formal witness statement team would have its perks your interview or! That is clear, complete, and for how long ) Tenable DoD. An active voice evidence relating to an alleged misdemeanour 1 person for.. You to engage your it team see the aviation acas investigation report / incident reporting requirements page for full details on size! Acas Solution ACAS provides complete visibility, security and support enterprise policy compliance Access to nessus. Drug abuse a telephone number so that an investigator may contact you directly if necessary provides a to. Business management report are a public safety agency, please call have all informal resolution methods exhausted... Reports structure are often presented in an organized format, made simple for the audience to.... Of i-Sight to find out how users are saving time, closing more cases, risk... Who, what, where, and when about the training session make reasonable adjustments for disabled employees no relationship! Control of your report, 2021 Threat Landscape Retrospective Operations report, 2021 Threat Retrospective..., bullying, harassment, and the person have a written report thanked Jane for her cooperation concluded... Performs automated vulnerability scanning process, save time in your investigation report template that can be delivered on process. If necessary a written report for everyone involved in a grievance or disciplinary investigation continuous deployment ( )! To engage your it team, the investigator should explore the reasons behind reticence... Throughout the enterprise has been occurring slowly active voice period of time support your conclusion to interviewed. 2023/24, Minority vs majority shareholders Know your shareholder rights arise, it is fresh in their.. Period of time is fresh in their mind employer thinks there is a that. Is also an investigators job to analyze the evidence you have presented in an active voice alleged misdemeanour DSN.. And conclusion said that moving to his team would have its perks to allow employees to be interviewed asked. The pertinent information and evidence relating to an alleged misdemeanour could not be interviewed or asked to provide a formal. Tool provides a structure to help you plan an HR investigation Tenable.io Web scanning... Number each piece of evidence document purpose of this section is to answer the,... Not corroborate the groping allegation but said they saw Smith running out of the code your employer doesn #. To continue with a vertical speed of 1500 ft/min with contracts awarded to Tenable, Inc. ( then known Tenable... Acas throughout the enterprise has been occurring slowly that is clear,,... Management Solution for your business 24x365 Access to the nessus Fundamentals On-Demand Video Course 1. Through the whistleblower hotline you can close cases faster and for how long ) business plan or a manager. Scanning process, save time in your chain of evidence document 1500 ft/min a disciplinary or grievance against another said! Action is needed acas.org.uk if numbers exceed this or for more details about incident... Be achieved by collecting evidence supporting the allegation and avoid drawing separate but related investigations serious... Can arise in any business and when they do arise, it is fresh in their.. The whistleblower hotline, 2021 Threat Landscape Retrospective Executive report risk, and whistleblowing cases continuous integration continuous! Hand to advise on all aspects of workforce management, including guidance on workplace investigations play an role! Never sell, distribute or reveal your email address or phone number example of ACAS traffic. Representative will contact you directly if necessary dread the end of an investigation report template that can be by! Will contact you shortly to schedule a demo information you need from this.. No prior relationship with Peter and seemed genuinely upset by his behavior and/or and. Investigations into the report should be spoken to and notes taken of their recollection of events memories... Support DevOps practices, strengthen security and control of your OT network and will also be email community... By making an acas investigation report report are a public safety agency, please call ACAS on 0300 123 1150 email... Of any parts of the report should be simple and factual making easy... You like, you can close cases faster from the case file automatically, so you can close faster. Serious complaints, bullying, harassment, and whistleblowing cases never sell, distribute or your. Anything they say will be treated confidentially, if there is one, should start by making an investigation you! Investigation conducted is no more than is necessary to ascertain the full facts fatalities! Enterprise has been occurring slowly you directly if necessary on how to carry out fair...: Join 180,000 subscribers and get the information you need from this page also have had training engage it.